Perched high in the Peruvian Andes, Machu Picchu is one of the world’s most iconic archaeological sites. But before you set out to explore its ancient stone terraces and breathtaking views, you’ll need to prepare for the altitude at Machu Picchu. High elevation presents challenges for those who are used to life closer to sea level.
At Global Basecamps, we provide authentic travel experiences that prioritize safety and sustainability. You’ll feel like you’re on top of the world when you visit Machu Picchu–but your well-being should also be a top priority.
Knowing what to expect can help you prepare for the altitude, avoid discomfort, and prevent more serious health concerns. With these tips, you can reach new heights of exhilaration during your once-in-a-lifetime Andean adventure.
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Machu Picchu, in modern-day Peru, sits at an elevation of approximately 2,430 meters (7,970 feet) above sea level. Nestled between lush mountain peaks and surrounded by the winding Urubamba River, the site’s altitude is lower than many expect—especially compared to other destinations in the Andes Mountains.
This means Machu Picchu is lower in elevation than both Cusco and many towns in the Sacred Valley. This can be a relief for travelers concerned about altitude sickness. Before we dive in (or dive up?) to altitude in Peru, we’ll learn about the civilization behind Machu Picchu’s rise.
Machu Picchu is a testament to the ingenuity and cultural richness of the Inca civilization, which flourished in the Andes between the 13th and 16th centuries. Archaeologists believe Machu Picchu was constructed as a royal estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti (Pachacútec Inca Yupanqui), who reigned from 1438 to 1471.
Built around 1450, the site was occupied for less than a century before being abandoned. Spanish colonialism and the spread of disease had a devastating impact on the Inca and other groups indigenous to North and South America.
The Incas were incredibly skilled master builders and engineers. Machu Picchu’s soaring temples, terraces, bridges, and agricultural fields showcase their architectural brilliance in the challenging Andean environment. With the area’s rugged topography and elevation shifts, the Inca didn’t need to invent the wheel–llamas and alpacas were more efficient than wheeled carts on narrow, winding mountain paths.
Archaeological studies of skeletal remains reveal that many residents were immigrants. Varied diets and health markers are identifiable in their remains. This reflects the vast reach and intercultural relationships within the Inca Empire.
Language played a vital role in unifying this vast, diverse empire. The primary language was Quechua, also known as Runa Simi. Quechua has ancient roots in the Andes, dating back over 5,000 years. It remains an official language in Peru and Bolivia, preserving a living link to the region’s past.
When you visit Machu Picchu with Global Basecamps, you’ll hear one of the oldest languages on Earth still alive today. If you’re a language-lover, give Quechua language learning a try before your trip.
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Most visitors to Machu Picchu begin their journey in Cusco. Cusco is the former capital of the Inca Empire, a vibrant modern city–and the inspiration behind the (hilarious) 2000 Disney movie "The Emperor’s New Groove".
The elevation in Cusco is much higher than Machu Picchu. It’s 3,400 meters (11,150 feet) above sea level. This significant difference in altitude is important to keep in mind. In Cusco, you’ll feel the first effects of the thin mountain air. Keep reading to learn more about altitude in Cusco and Machu Picchu.
Altitude sickness is the primary concern for travelers in the Andes Mountains. Here’s what to expect when you begin your journey.
Altitude sickness is known locally as soroche. This condition occurs when your body struggles to adapt to lower oxygen levels at higher elevations. Sustained low oxygen levels (hypoxia) can lead to internal organ damage if not addressed. Initial symptoms include headaches, nausea, shortness of breath, fatigue, and dizziness.
Anyone can experience altitude sickness, regardless of age or fitness level. It’s most common when ascending rapidly to elevations above 2,500 meters, or 8,200 feet. This makes Cusco a prime location for symptoms to appear. If you have prior health conditions that impact your breathing, be sure to talk to your doctor before traveling to Peru.
Fun fact: A local remedy for altitude sickness is mate de coca, an ancient Incan herbal tea. A 1986 study found cocaine metabolites in drug screening results after just one cup–so it might not be the relaxing tea you think!
Many travelers choose to descend into the Sacred Valley a night or two before heading to Machu Picchu. The Sacred Valley is at a lower altitude, so this gradual descent can help you acclimate more comfortably.
There’s more than one way to travel from Cusco to Machu Picchu. Here are the options.
The Salkantay Route is a 7-day hike. The Lares Route has 5- and 7-day hike options. If you’re the outdoorsy type, you can bring backpacking equipment for an authentic mountain backpacking experience. Or, you can plan lodge-to-lodge hiking in Peru. This means you always have somewhere comfortable to rest and recharge after your hike!
While the altitude at Machu Picchu is less than the surrounding areas, your trip will take you from highs to lows and everywhere in between. The elevation shifts can be challenging, so it’s important to acclimate and prepare your muscles for all the movement.
Exploring Machu Picchu involves walking, climbing stairs, and sometimes hiking steep paths. Depending on what you’re used to, the altitude may still affect you. You’ll get winded more easily than at sea level. Take your time, rest when needed, and enjoy the views.
At 2,430 meters, Machu Picchu enjoys a subtropical highland climate. Days are often mild and sunny, while nights can be cool. The weather can change rapidly, though. Dress in layers, with moisture-wicking material, and be prepared for both rain and shine.
A: Most travelers experience more symptoms in Cusco than at Machu Picchu due to the higher elevation in the city. However, it’s still wise to take precautions and acclimatize before your visit.
A: No, Machu Picchu is about 1,000 meters (over 3,000 feet) lower than Cusco.
A: Spend a day or two in Cusco or the Sacred Valley, stay hydrated, and avoid strenuous activity at first.
A: Most healthy travelers of all ages can visit Machu Picchu, but those with heart or respiratory conditions should consult a doctor before traveling.
Now that you’re prepared for the altitude at Machu Picchu and Cusco, it’s time to plan your journey. Explore ancient ruins, experience the culture of the Andes Mountains, and create memories that will last a lifetime with Global Basecamps. Reach out today for your Machu Picchu travel quote.